The last five words of Isaiah 24:16 are all from the same root, bagad , which means “to deal treacherously.” The Hebrew sounds something like this: bogdim bagadu ubeged bogdim bagadu , and might be translated like this: “traitors do treachery and treachery traitors do treachery.” (The noun form, beged , usually means garment, and if I were not worried about James Barr, I’d suggest that treachery is “cloaked” behavior.)
Earlier in the same verse, Isaiah stutters out a lament: raziy-liy, raziy-liy, ‘oy liy – leanness to me, leanness to me, woe is me!
He keeps stuttering in the next verses.
The first three words of 24:17 all begin with pach: pachad wapachat wapach . if we wanted to capture some sound repetition, this might be translated as “terror, and tunnel, and trap.” It’s worth noting that the words narrow as the phrase goes along – from the three-consonant pachad to the single-syllable pach . In the context of verse 16, verse 17 appears to be a description of the treachery of the traitors: They cause terror, and they chase into tunnels (pit), and they trap the innocent.
The same three words reappear in verse 18: “And it shall be the one who flees from the voice of pachad shall fall to the pachat , and the one who ascends from the midst of the pachat will be taken in the pach .” Again, the single-syllable word mimics the action, as the one fleeing gets pinched into the two-consonant pach .
One last note on the pe ‘s and chet ‘s: Later in verse 18, we read that the windows of the height are opened, and “open” is patach . This is a twist on pachat , terror, not only in sound but semantically: The pach – words all describe confinement; patach means “open.”
Dear Reader,
Can I be direct with you?
War abroad. Socialists on the rise. AI upending human life. Endless uproar online. The modern attention economy doesn’t want readers — it wants users enslaved to the tyranny of the present.
First Things is the antidote: literary excellence, timeless truths, and a fixed point of reference in a culture that has lost its bearings.
But we can’t do it without readers like you.
Our goal: Raise $150,000 by November 1 to sustain First Things in the year ahead.
Your gift anchors readers in the permanent things.
Make your Fall Campaign gift now using the button below.
If you have any questions or would like more information, please contact Giovanni Del Piero, Director of the Editor’s Circle, at gdelpiero@firstthings.com or 212-627-1985.
The Church in the Age of Therapy
In 1966, Philip Rieff wrote in The Triumph of the Therapeutic that “Religious man was born to…
Canada’s Deadliest Blind Spot
On September 20, the Daily Mail ran a story with the provocative headline, “Our 83-year-old Christian grandmother…
The Faithful Joy of Dolly Parton and Fulton Sheen
Dolly Parton and Fulton Sheen seem to have had little in common. She favored rhinestones; he wore…