Hegel arranges art, religion, and philosophy on a scale. Art, bound to sensuous external stuff, is the lowest self-expression of Geist , religion’s representation ( Vorstellung ) climbs a bit higher, but the peak comes with the pure, transparent, total conceptual clarity achieved in philosophy.
Only: Even philosophy has to use language; and language, as Hamann insisted, is a perfect hypostatic union of sensible and intelligible. From Hamann’s perspective, Hegel is just as much a gnostic and an enthusiast as Kant.
Our Most Popular Articles of 2025
It’s been a big year for First Things. Our website was completely redesigned, and stories like the…
Our Year in Film & Television—2025
First Things editors and writers share the most memorable films and TV shows they watched this year.…
Religious Freedom Is the Soul of American Security
In the quiet sanctuary of West Point’s Old Cadet Chapel, a striking mural crowns the apse above…