Virgil on Roman Empire

Virgil seems nearly to have come to the Augustinian insight that the Roman empire is nothing more than civil war writ large. Aeneas, the pius hero, has to combat furor , which is passion, anger, rage, everything that causes disorder in the world. But during the battle scenes in the second half of the Aeneid , Aeneas is full of fury on several occasions, and he ends the epic furiously driving his sword into the chest of Turnus. This, from the founder of the people who will show clemency to the conquered??

Yet, to suggest that Virgil wrote an anti-imperial epic under the cover of imperial propaganda is too subtle by at least half. While he recognizes the costs of empire, he is pro-empire. And the furor of Aeneas seems to be a furor in the service of piety, a furor that is necessary to counter the furor that would threaten the stability of Rome’s founding. As Milbank says, this is just a repetition of the ancient myths of violent foundings; cosmos is grounded in the possibility of a violence that is greater than the violence of chaos. It still takes a Christian, Augustine, to imagine a cosmos at peace, and to discern that the empire is just a perpetuation of the libido dominandi of ancient heroism and civil war.

Next
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE

Letters

Joshua T. Katz’s (“Pure Episcopalianism,” May 2025) reason for a theologically conservative person joining a theologically liberal…

The Revival of Patristics

Stephen O. Presley

On May 25, 1990, the renowned patristics scholar Charles Kannengiesser, S.J., delivered a lecture at the annual…

The Enduring Legacy of the Spanish Mystics

Itxu Díaz

Last autumn, I spent a few days at my family’s coastal country house in northwestern Spain. The…