“If there is a natural, there is a spiritual,” Paul says in 1 Corinthians 15. This is often read as a statement about two states: As soon as Adam was created a living soul, he was destined to rise to the state of “Spirit.” In context, though, this contrast is a contrast not of two states of one man, but of two men. Paul immediately goes on to identify the natural/soulish with “the first man” and “live-giving Spirit” with the second.
Hence, Paul’s if-then statement appears to mean: If there is Adam, there is also an eschatological Adam. Once God creates through the Word, He commits Himself be incarnate as the word.
Letters
Joshua T. Katz’s (“Pure Episcopalianism,” May 2025) reason for a theologically conservative person joining a theologically liberal…
The Revival of Patristics
On May 25, 1990, the renowned patristics scholar Charles Kannengiesser, S.J., delivered a lecture at the annual…
The Enduring Legacy of the Spanish Mystics
Last autumn, I spent a few days at my family’s coastal country house in northwestern Spain. The…